Page 1054 - Fundamentals of anatomy physiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and

27 Acid–Base Balance

Learning Outcomes

These Learning Outcomes correspond by number to this chapter’s
sections and indicate what you should be able to do after completing
the chapter.

27-1 Explain what is meant by the terms fluid balance, electrolyte

balance, and acid–base balance, and discuss their importance
for homeostasis.

27-2 Compare the composition of intracellular and extracellular

fluids, explain the basic concepts involved in the regulation
of fluids and electrolytes, and identify the hormones that play
important roles in fluid and electrolyte regulation.

27-3 Describe the movement of fluid within the ECF, between the

ECF and the ICF, and between the ECF and the environment.

27-4 Discuss the mechanisms by which sodium, potassium,

calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and chloride ion
concentrations are regulated to maintain electrolyte balance.

27-5 Explain the buffering systems that balance the pH of the

intracellular and extracellular fluids, and describe the
compensatory mechanisms involved in maintaining acid–base
balance.

27-6 Identify the most frequent disturbances of acid–base balance,

and explain how the body responds when the pH of body
fluids varies outside normal limits.

27-7 Describe the effects of aging on fluid, electrolyte, and

acid–base balance.

Spotlight Clinical Case Clinical Notes

● The Diagnosis of Acid–Base ● When Treatment Makes ● Water and Weight Loss p. 1049
Disorders p. 1070 You Worse p. 1042 ● Athletes and Salt Loss p. 1053