Page 680 - Fundamentals of anatomy physiology

Chapter 18 The Endocrine System 667

Figure 18–19 Endocrine Functions of the Kidneys.

Sunlight Digestive
tract

Cholesterol

Epidermis HOMEOSTASIS

CholecSalucnifleigrohlt choDleiceatalcriyferolDigtreascttive Normal
blood pressure
Liver Cholesterol HOMEOSTASIS
and volume

DISTURBED HOMEOSTASIS
RESTORED
Intermediate Epidermis Falling blood HOMEOSTASIS Rising blood
form Parathyroid glands pressure and volume Normal pressure and

Cholecalciferol Dietary blood pressure volume
and volume
cholecalciferol

Liver HOMEOKSiTdAnSeyIS HOMEOSTASIS

Intermediate Parathyroid glands Stimulation of FallingDrIeSnTaUl RBED RESTORED
form calcium and blpaornoeddsFsOfaulo2lrlweinagnbdlovoodlume Increased
PTH
Calcitriol Risifnlugidbilnotoadke
Kidney phosphate ion Increased preasnsdurreetaenndtion
absorption red blood cell
a The production of calcitriol Kidney volume
FbarElelolrilyonetdgahsrfroeleodpnwoailetin production 18
Calcitriol Aldosterone
PTH Stimulation of and O2 secreteIndcreased
The Gonads Kidney calcium and Renin released ADHasfnleudcidrreeittneetdnatkioen
phosphate ion Stimulation of
absorption Increased thirAstldosterone
ACE ArendgiboltoeondsicneIlIl
secreted
AngiotensinogeEnrythropoAientigniotensin I production
released

InfoarmThaetiporonduacbtioonuotf tchalecitrrieopl roductive hormones of the testesb TanhgeiroetleenassienRo-aeflnrdeinonsriteneleraoannsdeeedsryystthermopboeiegtiinnn, ianngdwainthotvheervaiectwivoatfitohAneDorHef nsienc-reted
and ovaries is presented in Table 18–7. In males, the inter-
stitial cells of the testes produce the male hormones known angiotensinogen by renin ACE Angiotensin II Stimulation of
thirst
as androgens. Testosterone (tes-TOS-ter-o. n) is the most Angiotensinogen Angiotensin I

important androgen. During embryonic development, the b The release of renin and erythropoietin, and an overview of the renin-
production of testosterone affects the development of CNS angiotensin-aldosterone system beginning with the activation of
structures, including hypothalamic nuclei, which will later angiotensinogen by renin

Table 18–7 Hormones of the Reproductive System

Structure/Cells Hormone Primary Target Hormonal Effect Regulatory Control

Testes Stimulated by LH from the anterior lobe
of the pituitary gland
Interstitial Androgens Most cells Support functional maturation of sperm, protein
cells synthesis in skeletal muscles, male secondary sex Stimulated by FSH from the anterior lobe
characteristics, and associated behaviors
Stimulated by FSH and LH from the
Nurse cells Inhibin Pituitary gland Inhibits secretion of FSH anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Stimulated by FSH from anterior lobe
Ovaries Stimulated by LH from the anterior lobe
of the pituitary gland
Follicular cells Estrogens Most cells Support follicle maturation, female secondary sex
characteristics, and associated behaviors
Inhibin Pituitary gland Inhibits secretion of FSH
Corpus luteum Progesterone Uterus, mammary
glands Prepares uterus for implantation; prepares mammary
glands for secretory activity