Page 704 - Fundamentals of anatomy physiology

Chapter 19 Blood 691

Figure 19–6 Blood Types and Cross-Reactions.

Type A Type B Type AB Type O

Type A blood has RBCs with Type B blood has RBCs with Type AB blood has RBCs with Type O blood has RBCs lacking
surface antigen A only. surface antigen B only. both A and B surface antigens. both A and B surface antigens.

Surface Surface
antigen A antigen B

If you have type A blood, your If you have type B blood, your If you have type AB blood, If you have type O blood, your
plasma contains anti-B plasma contains anti-A your plasma has neither plasma contains both anti-A and
antibodies, which will attack antibodies, which will attack anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. anti-B antibodies.
type B surface antigens. type A surface antigens.

a Blood type depends on the presence of surface antigens (agglutinogens) on RBC surfaces. The plasma contains
antibodies (agglutinins) that will react with foreign surface antigens.

RBC 19

+

Surface antigens Opposing antibodies Agglutination (clumping) Hemolysis

b In a cross-reaction, antibodies react with their target antigens causing agglutination and hemolysis of the affected RBCs.

Table 19–2 Differences in Blood Group Distribution

Percentage with Each Blood Type

Population O A B AB Rh1

U.S. (AVERAGE) 46 40 10 4 85
African American 49 95
Caucasian 45 27 20 4 85
Chinese American 42 100
Filipino American 44 40 11 4 100
Hawaiian 46 100
Japanese American 31 27 25 6 100
Korean American 32 100
22 29 6
100
46 5 3
100
39 21 10
100
28 30 10

NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN 79 16 4 1

NATIVE SOUTH AMERICAN 100 000

AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINE 44 56 0 0