Page 333 - Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system foundations for physical rehabilitation

Chapter 9 Axial Skeleton: Osteology and Arthrology 309

TABLE 9-1. Terminology Describing Relative Location or ing the external acoustic meatus (Figure 9-2). The mastoid
Region within the Axial Skeleton process, an easily palpable structure, is just posterior to the ear.
This prominent process serves as an attachment for many
Term Synonym Definition muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid.

Posterior Dorsal Back of the body The occipital bone forms much of the posterior base of the
Anterior Ventral Front of the body skull (Figure 9-3). The external occipital protuberance is a pal-
Medial None Midline of the body pable midline point, serving as an attachment for the liga-
Lateral None Away from the midline of mentum nuchae and the medial part of the upper trapezius
muscle. The superior nuchal line extends laterally from the
Superior Cranial the body
Inferior Caudal (the Head or top of the body Coronal suture
Tail, or the bottom of the
“tail”) Ppaerriieoetrraitolerbmtoepnmoerpaol rlianleline
body

The definitions assume a person is in the anatomic position. Lambdoidal Frontal b
suture

Su one
Te Squ Inf
OSTEOLOGY amosal suture Spbhoenneoid Ethmoid
mporal bone bone
Components within the Axial Skeleton Lacrimal
CRANIUM bone

The cranium encases and protects the brain and several essen- Occipital Z y goma t i c Nasal
tial sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, and vestibular system). bone bone bone
Of the many individual bones of the cranium, only the tem- Mastoid
poral and occipital bones are relevant to the material covered process External Maxilla
in Chapters 9 and 10. acoustic
meatus
Temporal and Occipital Bones
Each of the two temporal bones forms part of the lateral exter- Mandible
nal surface of the skull, immediately surrounding and includ-
FIGURE 9-2. Lateral view of the skull.

Trapezius Inferior view External occipital protruberance
Superior nuchal line
Semispinalis capitis Foramen Inferior nuchal line
magnum Lambdoidal suture
Splenius capitis Medial nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid Basilar part
Longissimus capitis (occipital bone) Mastoid process
Digastric (posterior belly)
Obliquus capitis superior Occipital condyle
Rectus capitis posterior major External acoustic
Rectus capitis posterior minor meatus
Rectus capitis lateralis Styloid process
Mandibular fossa
Stylohyoid Carotid canal
Rectus capitis anterior

Longus capitis

FIGURE 9-3. Inferior view of the occipital and temporal bones. The lambdoidal sutures separate the occipital
bone medially, from the temporal bones laterally. Distal muscle attachments are indicated in gray, and proxi-
mal attachments are indicated in red.