Page 304 - Fundamentals of anatomy physiology
P. 304
Chapter 9 Joints 291
Table 9–1 Functional and Structural Classifications of Joints
Functional Category Structural Category and Type Description
A suture (sutura, a sewing together) is a synarthrotic joint located only
Synarthrosis (no movement) Suture between the bones of the skull. The edges of the bones are interlocked
At a synarthrosis, the bony edges and bound together at the suture by dense fibrous connective tissue.
are quite close together and may
even interlock. These extremely Fibrous
strong joints are located where
movement between the bones must
be prevented.
Gomphosis A gomphosis (gom-FO. -sis; gomphos, bolt) is a synarthrosis that binds
the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous
connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal (per-e. -o. -DON- 9
tal) ligament (peri, around + odontos, tooth).
Synchondrosis A synchondrosis (sin-kon-DRO. -sis; syn, together+ chondros, cartilage)
is a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones.
Cartilaginous The cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of
vertebrosternal ribs and manubrium of the sternum is a synchondrosis.
Synostosis Another example is the epiphyseal cartilage, which connects the diaphysis
to the epiphysis in a growing long bone.
Bony A synostosis (sin-os-TO. -sis) is a totally rigid, immovable joint created
when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears. The
frontal (metopic) suture of the frontal bone, the fusion of an infant’s left
and right mandibular bones, and the epiphyseal lines of mature long
bones are synostoses.
Amphiarthrosis (little movement) Fibrous Syndesmosis At a syndesmosis (sin-dez-MO. -sis; syndesmos, ligament), bones are
An amphiarthrosis permits more Symphysis connected by a ligament. One example is the distal joint between the tibia
movement than a synarthrosis, Cartilaginous and fibula.
but is much stronger than a freely At a symphysis, the articulating bones are connected by a wedge or
movable joint. The articulating bones pad of fibrocartilage. The joint between the two pubic bones (the pubic
are connected by collagen fibers or symphysis) is an example of a symphysis.
cartilage.
Diarthrosis (free movement)
P• laMneosnoofaxMiaolv-emmoevnetment in one Synovial (si-NO. -ve-ul) joints permit a wider range of motion than do
other types of joints. They are typically located at the ends of long bones,
• plane; elbow, ankle in two planes; Synovial such as those of the upper and lower limbs.
Biaxial - movement
ribs and wrist
• Triaxial - movement in three
planes; shoulder, hip
