Page 506 - Nutrition Essentials for Nursing Practice

494 U N I T 3 Nutrition in Clinical Practice

■ Adequate calories and protein promote liver cell regeneration in patients with hepatitis
and cirrhosis. Sodium and fluid may be restricted if ascites develop. A liquid or soft diet
is recommended if regular textured foods irritate esophageal varices.

■ People who have undergone liver transplantation have high protein and calorie needs.
Glucose intolerance may occur, and sodium and potassium intakes may be restricted
depending on the individual’s profile. Immunosuppressant drugs may interfere with
intake and appetite.

■ Chronic pancreatitis is treated with a low-fat diet. Patients who develop glucose
intolerance may benefit from a carbohydrate-controlled diet.

■ A common practice is to recommend a low-fat diet for patients with symptomatic
gallstones and for people who have had a cholecystectomy. Evidence is lacking on the
benefits of restricting fat.

Check Your Knowledge Answer Key

1. TRUE For most people, consuming more fiber and fluid prevents or alleviates
constipation.

2. FALSE A clear liquid diet contains items that are hyperosmolar, such as sweetened
carbonated beverages, fruit juice, and flavored ices; consuming them may contribute
to osmotic diarrhea.

3. FALSE Probiotics are living organisms in food that are beneficial to health when
consumed in adequate amounts. Prebiotics are nondigestible fibers that promote
the growth of intestinal bacteria.

4. TRUE Because most of the lactose in cheddar and other natural, aged cheeses has
been converted to lactic acid in the cheese-making process, most people who are
lactose intolerant can tolerate cheddar cheese.

5. FALSE Eating a low-fiber diet is not necessary for people with IBD except during acute
exacerbation or if there are strictures. A low-residue diet does not prevent exacerbation
of the disease.

6. TRUE For a patient with celiac disease, the long-term effects of eating even small
amounts of gluten are harmful, even when patients are asymptomatic.

7. FALSE Although a high-fiber diet may help relieve symptoms of IBS in some people,
it is not guaranteed to help all people with IBS.

8. FALSE Although it has commonly been believed that a low-fiber diet increases the risk
of diverticular disease, a recent study showed that people who consume a high-fiber
diet have a higher prevalence of diverticular disease. The exact mechanism of diver-
ticular disease is not known.

9. TRUE Extensive pancreatic damage impairs digestion, especially fat digestion. A low-fat
diet is used when pancreatitis causes steatorrhea.

10. FALSE Dietary intervention is not necessary for cholelithiasis or cholecystitis.

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